
像農民一樣思考
——在2025年畢業典禮暨學位授予儀式上的講話
校長 孫其信
(2025年6月17日)
親(qin)愛(ai)的8120名中(zhong)國農業(ye)大學(xue)2025屆畢業(ye)生同學(xue)們,線上(shang)(shang)出席畢業(ye)典禮(li)的煙臺(tai)(tai)研究院、三亞研究院的畢業(ye)生同學(xue)們以(yi)及(ji)在看臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)的家長朋友們:
首先,請允(yun)許我代表(biao)學校向全體畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)順利畢業(ye)(ye)致以最熱烈(lie)的(de)祝賀!在你(ni)們完成學業(ye)(ye),即將進入下一段人生(sheng)旅程(cheng)之際(ji),我們應該感恩(en)辛勤培養(yang)你(ni)們的(de)老(lao)師(shi)、為你(ni)們做飯的(de)后勤師(shi)傅、為你(ni)們打(da)掃衛生(sheng)的(de)保潔(jie)員、為你(ni)們守護(hu)宿舍(she)安全的(de)宿管,更(geng)要把感恩(en)送給默(mo)默(mo)無聞支持、愛護(hu)你(ni)們的(de)家長們,請大家以熱烈(lie)的(de)掌聲表(biao)示最衷心的(de)感恩(en)!
剛才兩(liang)位(wei)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)代(dai)表(biao)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)精彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)言(yan)(yan),校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)代(dai)表(biao)郭(guo)音(yin)(yin)龍(long)先生(sheng)代(dai)表(biao)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)精彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)言(yan)(yan),我(wo)(wo)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)感動。本(ben)科畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)代(dai)表(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)言(yan)(yan)中講(jiang)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)“種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)”,我(wo)(wo)覺得這個(ge)詞語用得非常(chang)(chang)(chang)好,種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)命體(ti),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)頑強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命體(ti)。大家知道(dao),現在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古生(sheng)物學(xue)可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)抽取上(shang)萬年(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳化(hua)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DNA來(lai)追溯生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演化(hua)歷(li)(li)程。有(you)報道(dao)稱,長(chang)壽(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)土壤里可(ke)以(yi)存活幾十年(nian)。希望同(tong)學(xue)們(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)邁向(xiang)人(ren)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)征(zheng)程時(shi)(shi)(shi),能(neng)夠像(xiang)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)樣,堅(jian)(jian)守破土而出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革力量,堅(jian)(jian)守向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)扎根的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略定力,去(qu)開創屬于你們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更偉大、更輝煌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)。郭(guo)音(yin)(yin)龍(long)校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)是(shi)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)經(jing)管(guan)學(xue)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng),我(wo)(wo)跟他(ta)有(you)過(guo)多次交談(tan),讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)感動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),他(ta)講(jiang)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)習(xi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)點(dian)滴滴,但他(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)今天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)言(yan)(yan)中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)講(jiang)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)(shi),我(wo)(wo)給同(tong)學(xue)們(men)補充(chong)一(yi)(yi)些信(xin)息。郭(guo)音(yin)(yin)龍(long)校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)畢業(ye)(ye)后歷(li)(li)經(jing)了(le)(le)(le)多個(ge)崗(gang)位(wei),最后選擇自(zi)己(ji)并不(bu)擅長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“水產養殖”領域(yu)開始創業(ye)(ye)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)月(yue)前,郭(guo)音(yin)(yin)龍(long)校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)決(jue)定在(zai)(zai)(zai)母(mu)校(xiao)(xiao)迎來(lai)建校(xiao)(xiao)120周年(nian)之際,向(xiang)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)捐贈1億元(yuan)人(ren)民幣設立基金(jin),支持母(mu)校(xiao)(xiao)建設發(fa)(fa)展。他(ta)給我(wo)(wo)們(men)講(jiang)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)故事(shi)(shi),他(ta)曾(ceng)經(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)習(xi)期間有(you)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)次創業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷(li)(li),年(nian)輕人(ren)有(you)干勁、有(you)闖勁,選擇了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)創業(ye)(ye)項目(mu),投資(zi)來(lai)自(zi)社會資(zi)本(ben),但是(shi)創業(ye)(ye)失敗(bai)了(le)(le)(le)。當時(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)找到(dao)投資(zi)人(ren)說愿意(yi)寫(xie)一(yi)(yi)張欠條(tiao),等有(you)錢了(le)(le)(le)再返還。投資(zi)人(ren)說,投資(zi)不(bu)是(shi)讓(rang)返還的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),失敗(bai)了(le)(le)(le)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)關(guan)系,可(ke)以(yi)重(zhong)來(lai)。郭(guo)音(yin)(yin)龍(long)校(xiao)(xiao)友(you)(you)用這樣一(yi)(yi)個(ge)故事(shi)(shi)回答了(le)(le)(le)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)就是(shi)不(bu)斷(duan)創造把(ba)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)變成(cheng)可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創業(ye)(ye)經(jing)歷(li)(li)。如今,他(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賽(sai)道(dao)上(shang)取得了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)就。他(ta)之所(suo)以(yi)對母(mu)校(xiao)(xiao)有(you)著深(shen)厚感情(qing),是(shi)因(yin)為他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)輔導員在(zai)(zai)(zai)其創業(ye)(ye)和學(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)環節給予了(le)(le)(le)無微(wei)不(bu)至的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)心(xin)和關(guan)愛(ai)、鼓勵和支持。我(wo)(wo)覺得,這是(shi)中華文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)典型標志——愛(ai)、大愛(ai)、愛(ai)心(xin)。
同學們(men),2025屆(jie)(jie)畢(bi)(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)定是(shi)中(zhong)國農業大學歷(li)史上(shang)最特(te)別的(de)一屆(jie)(jie)畢(bi)(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)。剛(gang)才辛賢(xian)副校(xiao)長(chang)講(jiang)(jiang)了(le)(le)(le),今年恰(qia)逢學校(xiao)建校(xiao)120周(zhou)年,你們(men)是(shi)唯(wei)一的(de)一屆(jie)(jie)畢(bi)(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng),再次向同學們(men)表示(shi)祝賀(he)!除了(le)(le)(le)祝賀(he),我認為2025屆(jie)(jie)畢(bi)(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)最特(te)殊的(de)一屆(jie)(jie)畢(bi)(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng),你們(men)趕上(shang)了(le)(le)(le)一個(ge)巨變的(de)時代。因此(ci),我今天在畢(bi)(bi)業典禮上(shang)的(de)講(jiang)(jiang)話就是(shi)講(jiang)(jiang)“特(te)別”之處。
一、當今世界正經歷百年未有之大變局 當下和未來的不確定性顯著上升
“特別”,就是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)正處在一個(ge)“百年(nian)未(wei)有(you)之大(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)局”的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)變(bian)(bian)(bian)時(shi)代,這個(ge)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)特征是(shi)不(bu)確定性。畢業生們(men)(men)在慶祝畢業的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi),面對(dui)未(wei)來(lai),面對(dui)具有(you)不(bu)確定性的(de)(de)(de)未(wei)來(lai),我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)應當(dang)(dang)如(ru)何面對(dui)和應對(dui)?我(wo)(wo)想,消極的(de)(de)(de)應對(dui)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)會(hui)(hui)焦慮,會(hui)(hui)無奈。但是(shi)當(dang)(dang)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)把(ba)視野拓展(zhan)至(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明五(wu)千年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)輝(hui)煌歷程,置身于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國近代的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)巨(ju)變(bian)(bian)(bian),置身于(yu)新中(zhong)(zhong)國成(cheng)(cheng)立70余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革中(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)會(hui)(hui)深(shen)深(shen)感受到,中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明蘊(yun)含著非常智慧的(de)(de)(de)哲學(xue)(xue)邏輯,即“變(bian)(bian)(bian)與不(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)”。當(dang)(dang)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)認識、領會(hui)(hui)并把(ba)握了中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明“變(bian)(bian)(bian)與不(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)”的(de)(de)(de)哲學(xue)(xue)邏輯,我(wo)(wo)相信(xin),同(tong)學(xue)(xue)們(men)(men)在面對(dui)未(wei)來(lai)不(bu)確定性的(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)時(shi),會(hui)(hui)更(geng)有(you)自(zi)信(xin)、更(geng)有(you)定力,更(geng)能抓住取得(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能和機遇。
當(dang)今時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確處在(zai)巨(ju)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai),這(zhe)種巨(ju)變(bian)表(biao)現在(zai):首先,全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定(ding)(ding)性。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri),世(shi)界(jie)(jie)銀(yin)行(xing)發(fa)布最新(xin)(xin)一期《全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)展望》報告(gao)(gao),將(jiang)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長預期從1月(yue)(yue)(yue)份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.7%下(xia)調(diao)至2.3%,這(zhe)意(yi)味著今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)金融危機(ji)爆(bao)發(fa)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長最慢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們(men)(men)都沒有(you)親身經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)過2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),因為大(da)(da)(da)家(jia)基本(ben)上都是(shi)(shi)00后。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),一場(chang)席卷全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金融風暴震撼(han)了(le)整(zheng)個世(shi)界(jie)(jie)。這(zhe)場(chang)由美(mei)國(guo)次(ci)貸危機(ji)引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金融危機(ji),不僅導(dao)致了(le)金融市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崩潰,也(ye)引發(fa)了(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度衰退。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri),經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合作與發(fa)展組織(OECD)發(fa)布經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)展望報告(gao)(gao),將(jiang)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)2026年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速預期均下(xia)調(diao)至2.9%,較3月(yue)(yue)(yue)預測值分別(bie)下(xia)調(diao)0.2%和(he)0.1%。2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),OECD已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兩次(ci)下(xia)調(diao)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速。其次(ci),世(shi)界(jie)(jie)地(di)緣政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)沖(chong)突不斷加(jia)劇。國(guo)際局勢動(dong)蕩不安,區(qu)域(yu)(yu)沖(chong)突給世(shi)界(jie)(jie)和(he)平穩定(ding)(ding)和(he)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)挑(tiao)(tiao)戰(zhan)。2025屆畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng),如果按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)制來(lai)(lai)(lai)計算,是(shi)(shi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),如果按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)制計算,是(shi)(shi)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),因此你們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)疫(yi)情期間入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如今,新(xin)(xin)冠(guan)疫(yi)情已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過去(qu)(qu),但我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)面(mian)臨(lin)著全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)老齡化挑(tiao)(tiao)戰(zhan)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣候變(bian)化挑(tiao)(tiao)戰(zhan)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)必(bi)須(xu)要看到(dao)(dao),在(zai)挑(tiao)(tiao)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia)同樣(yang)蘊藏著巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇(yu)。再次(ci),當(dang)今時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)變(bian)化是(shi)(shi)科技創新(xin)(xin)日(ri)新(xin)(xin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)異。大(da)(da)(da)家(jia)知道,信息(xi)革命、網絡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)造就(jiu)了(le)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)信息(xi)網絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎,美(mei)國(guo)有(you)微軟、谷歌,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)有(you)阿里巴(ba)巴(ba)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信、華(hua)(hua)為等(deng),我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)正經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)著一個新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科技時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)——人工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai),經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、社(she)會、政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、人民(min)福祉等(deng)各領(ling)域(yu)(yu)將(jiang)被徹底顛覆。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)格(ge)局正發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)(xin)變(bian)化,“全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)”崛起。我(wo)(wo)(wo)很高(gao)興(xing)地(di)注意(yi)到(dao)(dao),今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8120名畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)57名國(guo)際學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)履行(xing)國(guo)際使命、擔當(dang)國(guo)際發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史責任(ren)。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校在(zai)金碼大(da)(da)(da)廈舉行(xing)了(le)2025世(shi)界(jie)(jie)農(nong)業(ye)科技創新(xin)(xin)大(da)(da)(da)會“WAFI對(dui)話”系(xi)列活(huo)動(dong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)非常榮幸(xing)邀請(qing)到(dao)(dao)了(le)國(guo)際食(shi)物(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)策研究所(IFPRI)總干(gan)事約(yue)翰(han)·斯溫寧(Johan Swinnen)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校部分留(liu)(liu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)參加(jia)了(le)活(huo)動(dong),有(you)2位留(liu)(liu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)向我(wo)(wo)(wo)提(ti)(ti)出問(wen)題(ti),我(wo)(wo)(wo)介(jie)紹了(le)過去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為推動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非合作作出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史性貢獻(xian),我(wo)(wo)(wo)注意(yi)到(dao)(dao),來(lai)(lai)(lai)自馬里、埃塞俄比亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)(ti)出,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)大(da)(da)(da)能(neng)(neng)不能(neng)(neng)到(dao)(dao)他(ta)們(men)(men)國(guo)家(jia)做一些項目(mu)。這(zhe)說明(ming)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)格(ge)局發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)背景下(xia),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)維護(hu)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)穩定(ding)(ding)、促(cu)進全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)發(fa)展,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)推進南(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)合作方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用地(di)位在(zai)不斷提(ti)(ti)升。我(wo)(wo)(wo)講這(zhe)么多,接下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)想給同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們(men)(men)簡單回(hui)顧一下(xia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文化歷(li)(li)史上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“變(bian)和(he)不變(bian)”。
二、從中華文明歷史上“變與不變”的哲學邏輯中增強應對的思維
面對巨變(bian)的(de)時代,我(wo)們每個人都必須(xu)思考、充(chong)分(fen)準備應對如此巨變(bian)的(de)時代。我(wo)認(ren)為,可以從(cong)中(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)歷史(shi)上“變(bian)與不變(bian)”的(de)哲學(xue)邏輯中(zhong)增強應對的(de)思維。
第一,中華文明五千年(nian)歷史(shi)中的“變”。
回顧中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)五(wu)千年(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),我(wo)理(li)解(jie)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)部變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求索(suo)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求新(xin)(xin)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求生(sheng)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖(tu)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)種不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”造就(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)五(wu)千年(nian)(nian)延(yan)綿不(bu)斷(duan),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)世界(jie)上(shang)唯一(yi)(yi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)。關于(yu)“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”,我(wo)想劃(hua)分(fen)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)時段分(fen)析:首先(xian),看(kan)古(gu)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。古(gu)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)王朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興衰都深刻(ke)關切到社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。例如,秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)鞅變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)法(fa)(fa)(fa),有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故事叫徙木立(li)信。經(jing)(jing)過秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多次變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),特別是(shi)(shi)以(yi)商(shang)(shang)鞅變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徹(che)底(di)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),造就(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),并實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家統(tong)一(yi)(yi),建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央集權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家。這(zhe)恰(qia)恰(qia)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)了(le)(le)(le)(le),“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”是(shi)(shi)硬道(dao)(dao)理(li),只有(you)(you)(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)才能(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、才能(neng)生(sheng)存(cun)、才能(neng)強大(da)(da)。其次,看(kan)近(jin)(jin)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。如果(guo)以(yi)1840年(nian)(nian)第(di)一(yi)(yi)次鴉片戰爭作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)(jin)代史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開端,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)(jin)代史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)洋(yang)務(wu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),當時大(da)(da)家認為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術和(he)軍(jun)隊力量不(bu)如西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang),所以(yi)我(wo)們(men)購買了(le)(le)(le)(le)德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船艦(jian),但是(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)過一(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)甲午海戰,北(bei)洋(yang)水(shui)師(shi)全軍(jun)覆沒(mei)(mei)(mei),也宣告了(le)(le)(le)(le)洋(yang)務(wu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失敗。此后(hou),發(fa)(fa)起(qi)戊戌變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)康(kang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)、梁(liang)啟(qi)超認為(wei)(wei),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落后(hou)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)船堅炮利(li)(li),而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)不(bu)如人,提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要探索(suo)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)立(li)憲制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),旨(zhi)在(zai)通過變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)圖(tu)強來(lai)(lai)拯救(jiu)民(min)(min)族(zu)危(wei)亡。然而(er)(er),由于(yu)頑固守舊勢力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)撓和(he)資(zi)(zi)產階級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟弱性(xing),這(zhe)場(chang)(chang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)最(zui)終以(yi)失敗告終。百日(ri)維新(xin)(xin)失敗后(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)知識分(fen)子進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步思(si)考和(he)探索(suo),得出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)結論,原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)我(wo)們(men)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)學習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)立(li)憲制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還不(bu)夠先(xian)進(jin)(jin),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)比君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)立(li)憲制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更先(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)共和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)起(qi)辛亥革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)。辛亥革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)雖然結束了(le)(le)(le)(le)清王朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)治,把(ba)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)共和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)引入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),形式上(shang)這(zhe)次革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)功了(le)(le)(le)(le),但是(shi)(shi)也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)強找出(chu)(chu)明(ming)(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)路。一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)到1919年(nian)(nian)五(wu)四運(yun)動(dong)(dong),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)(jin)代史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)最(zui)徹(che)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反對帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)和(he)封建(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)?。十月革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)聲炮響,給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)送來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)馬克思(si)列寧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)覺(jue)醒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)應運(yun)而(er)(er)生(sheng),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)開天辟地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)事,深刻(ke)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)近(jin)(jin)代以(yi)來(lai)(lai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)和(he)進(jin)(jin)程,深刻(ke)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前途和(he)命(ming)運(yun),為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)強求變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)找到了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條永久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)路徑。再(zai)次,看(kan)新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)以(yi)后(hou)。新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)部波瀾壯闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1956年(nian)(nian),新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)對農業(ye)(ye)、手工業(ye)(ye)和(he)資(zi)(zi)本主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)工商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)改(gai)(gai)造,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)把(ba)生(sheng)產資(zi)(zi)料(liao)私有(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)步建(jian)立(li)起(qi)社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。大(da)(da)家知道(dao)(dao),新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)偉大(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“兩彈一(yi)(yi)星”,躋身世界(jie)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量辦大(da)(da)事的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)優越性(xing)。1978年(nian)(nian)實(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開放,是(shi)(shi)載入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)從(cong)站起(qi)來(lai)(lai)到富(fu)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)飛躍。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十八大(da)(da)以(yi)來(lai)(lai),以(yi)習近(jin)(jin)平同志為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),推進(jin)(jin)全方(fang)(fang)位改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)從(cong)站起(qi)來(lai)(lai)、富(fu)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)到強起(qi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)飛躍。最(zui)近(jin)(jin),我(wo)關注(zhu)到網上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)視頻,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)學者(zhe)、全球化(hua)智(zhi)庫副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)高(gao)志凱(kai)在(zai)接受西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)媒(mei)體(ti)采訪時,有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)段非常精彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對話(hua)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持人就(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美(mei)(mei)關稅拋(pao)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)尖銳問(wen)(wen)題(ti),高(gao)志凱(kai)用流(liu)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英語(yu)回應道(dao)(dao):“We don't care!中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已經(jing)(jing)延(yan)續(xu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)五(wu)千年(nian)(nian),那時候美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還沒(mei)(mei)(mei)誕生(sheng),沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下我(wo)們(men)也能(neng)繼續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。”不(bu)怕,這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)精神、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)力量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)氣,這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)五(wu)千年(nian)(nian)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”。
第二,中華文明五千年歷史中的“不變”。
當我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)在(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求(qiu)索、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求(qiu)新、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求(qiu)生、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)“不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)今天想(xiang)跟同學們(men)(men)分享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習心得(de)。回(hui)顧(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)演變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)、近代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革命史(shi)和(he)新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展史(shi),“不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學思(si)想(xiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華精(jing)神。首(shou)先,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)哲(zhe)學思(si)想(xiang)有(you)著深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學底蘊。老(lao)子有(you)“反者道(dao)之(zhi)動”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逆向(xiang)思(si)維。《孫子兵(bing)法(fa)(fa)》:“兵(bing)無常勢,水無常形。”韓非(fei)子提出:“世異則事異,事異則備變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。”王夫之(zhi)認(ren)為:“天地之(zhi)德不易,而(er)天地之(zhi)化(hua)日(ri)新。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華哲(zhe)學應對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)世界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學思(si)維。其次(ci),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)源遠流(liu)長、博大精(jing)深。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)有(you)“天人(ren)合一”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宇(yu)宙觀(guan)。《道(dao)德經》講:“人(ren)法(fa)(fa)地,地法(fa)(fa)天,天法(fa)(fa)道(dao),道(dao)法(fa)(fa)自(zi)然。”道(dao),是(shi)(shi)宇(yu)宙運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本法(fa)(fa)則,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宇(yu)宙觀(guan)和(he)自(zi)然觀(guan)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)族是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)追求(qiu)和(he)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)有(you)“和(he)而(er)不同”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會觀(guan)。《論語》:“己(ji)所不欲,勿施于(yu)人(ren)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)求(qiu)同存異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)古(gu)是(shi)(shi)禮(li)儀之(zhi)邦,“禮(li)”是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)髓,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)有(you)“先禮(li)后(hou)兵(bing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧。再(zai)次(ci),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大精(jing)神:勤勞勇毅,自(zi)強(qiang)不息。從近代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)淪(lun)為半(ban)殖民(min)(min)地半(ban)封建(jian)社(she)會到(dao)新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立之(zhi)初百廢待興(xing),再(zai)到(dao)1978年改革開放(fang),我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)遇到(dao)了(le)艱苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年代(dai)、危機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai),但是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)都挺過來了(le),并不斷走向(xiang)強(qiang)大和(he)輝煌(huang),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)支持我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華哲(zhe)學思(si)想(xiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀精(jing)神。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種精(jing)神與(yu)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治思(si)想(xiang)形成(cheng)鮮明(ming)對(dui)比,美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政治家約(yue)翰·米(mi)爾斯海默(John J. Mearsheimer)有(you)一本書《大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悲劇(ju)》,他提出“進(jin)(jin)攻性現實主義”理(li)論。實際上(shang),當前(qian)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展理(li)念(nian)便是(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)攻性現實主義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸權理(li)念(nian),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學思(si)想(xiang)、精(jing)神格格不入。
三、汲取中華文明“變與不變”的智慧
剛(gang)才,我(wo)講了中華五千年文明的“變(bian)與不變(bian)”,我(wo)們再把(ba)思(si)緒回(hui)到今天。在(zai)同(tong)學(xue)們即將走向下一(yi)段人生旅程之際,我(wo)想把(ba)中華五千年文明“變(bian)與不變(bian)”的哲學(xue)邏輯總結(jie)歸納為6個字,送給(gei)畢業生同(tong)學(xue)們:責任、熱情、創新。
第一,責(ze)任(ren)。應對(dui)變化的(de)(de)世界(jie),應對(dui)不(bu)確定的(de)(de)未來(lai),每個人要履行(xing)好自己(ji)在(zai)社(she)會、組(zu)織、家(jia)庭中的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)。今天到場的(de)(de)家(jia)長們默(mo)默(mo)支撐你(ni)們的(de)(de)事(shi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan),而且不(bu)遠千里出席你(ni)們的(de)(de)畢業(ye)典禮,他們就(jiu)是在(zai)履行(xing)自己(ji)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)。同學們,當我們面對(dui)未來(lai)的(de)(de)世界(jie)時,勇于承擔(dan)責(ze)任(ren)、勇于履行(xing)責(ze)任(ren)是我們應對(dui)未來(lai)世界(jie)不(bu)確定性(xing)的(de)(de)第一種方(fang)法(fa)。
第(di)二(er),熱情。最近,我讀了(le)日本實(shi)業家(jia)(jia)(jia)稻盛和(he)夫的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)本書(shu)。他是(shi)日本著名的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業家(jia)(jia)(jia),有(you)(you)生(sheng)之年創造了(le)兩家(jia)(jia)(jia)世界500強企(qi)業,在78歲高(gao)齡時出任日航董(dong)事(shi)長,讓日航實(shi)現了(le)扭虧為盈。他曾經(jing)寫(xie)過(guo)很多(duo)書(shu),都是(shi)比(bi)較通(tong)俗(su)的(de)(de)(de)讀物,我想與(yu)同(tong)學們分(fen)(fen)享他提出的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人生(sheng)公式(shi),“人生(sheng)·工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)結果=思維方式(shi)×熱情×能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)”,一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)取(qu)(qu)決于你的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li),取(qu)(qu)決于你的(de)(de)(de)熱情,取(qu)(qu)決于你的(de)(de)(de)思維方式(shi),這三者不(bu)是(shi)加和(he)關系,是(shi)乘積關系。比(bi)如,一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)是(shi)90分(fen)(fen),但是(shi)他的(de)(de)(de)熱情只有(you)(you)30分(fen)(fen),他的(de)(de)(de)得分(fen)(fen)是(shi)2700;如果一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)只有(you)(you)60分(fen)(fen),但是(shi)他對(dui)事(shi)業有(you)(you)著高(gao)度熱情,有(you)(you)90分(fen)(fen),他的(de)(de)(de)得分(fen)(fen)是(shi)5400。同(tong)學們,無論未來面對(dui)怎樣的(de)(de)(de)挑戰、風險、不(bu)確定(ding)性,我們只要抱定(ding)對(dui)事(shi)業的(de)(de)(de)熱愛、對(dui)事(shi)業的(de)(de)(de)追求,必然能(neng)(neng)挺過(guo)風險、走(zou)過(guo)駭(hai)浪、取(qu)(qu)得成功(gong)。
第(di)三,創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)。最(zui)近,我閱讀了現代管理學之父彼得·德魯克(Peter F.Drucker)的書,他提出了一句話“The best way to predict the future is to create it”,即預測未(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)(lai)最(zui)好的辦法是(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)造未(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)(lai)。同學們,未(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)(lai)是(shi)不確定的,但是(shi)當我們把(ba)握未(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)(lai)的主動性,創(chuang)(chuang)造屬于自己的未(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)(lai),它真(zhen)的不可(ke)怕(pa)。
我(wo)(wo)認為(wei),責任(ren)、熱情、創新這6個(ge)字,歸根結底是(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)字——“農(nong)民(min)(min)”。我(wo)(wo)們(men)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)大畢業生,我(wo)(wo)們(men)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)像(xiang)農(nong)民(min)(min)一樣思(si)考,think like a farmer,我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)像(xiang)農(nong)民(min)(min)一樣做事(shi),work like a farmer。有些同(tong)學(xue)可能知道我(wo)(wo)的(de)微信名是(shi)(shi)“農(nong)場主”,我(wo)(wo)很(hen)自豪我(wo)(wo)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)農(nong)民(min)(min)。同(tong)學(xue)們(men),農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)思(si)維(wei)方式(shi)、農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)做事(shi)方式(shi),恰恰體現(xian)了“變與不(bu)變”的(de)哲學(xue)邏(luo)輯。當我(wo)(wo)們(men)種下一顆種子時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)精心地(di)(di)呵護它(ta)(ta),要(yao)(yao)(yao)履(lv)行責任(ren);當它(ta)(ta)出苗時,我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)精心地(di)(di)培育它(ta)(ta),要(yao)(yao)(yao)施肥灌溉,熱愛它(ta)(ta);當它(ta)(ta)遭遇(yu)病蟲害時,我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用創新的(de)技術和(he)方法(fa)守護它(ta)(ta),這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)思(si)維(wei)和(he)行為(wei)方式(shi)。同(tong)學(xue)們(men),作為(wei)農(nong)大人,我(wo)(wo)們(men)應記住以(yi)農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)思(si)維(wei)、農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)方式(shi)做事(shi),恰恰是(shi)(shi)應對未來不(bu)確定性的(de)最大法(fa)寶。
最后,祝同學們(men)鵬(peng)程萬里,謝謝大家!
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中國教育在線
