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　　“此次(ci)疫情暴露出(chu)我(wo)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)領(ling)域(yu)中能科(ke)學分析和(he)評(ping)估復雜的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)風險和(he)問題的(de)高級(ji)管理領(ling)導型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)匱乏，大力(li)加強公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)復合(he)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養工(gong)作，尤其是(shi)培(pei)養公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)領(ling)域(yu)高層(ceng)次(ci)應用(yong)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)刻不容緩。”日(ri)前(qian)，西安(an)交(jiao)大副校長、醫學部主任顏虹在接(jie)受記者(zhe)采訪時說，我(wo)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高級(ji)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養模式(shi)亟需(xu)改(gai)善，特(te)別是(shi)要(yao)改(gai)善公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)博(bo)士培(pei)養體系并提(ti)高教(jiao)育水(shui)平，以適應社會快速發展對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高層(ceng)次(ci)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)需(xu)求。

　　據介紹，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)每(mei)萬人(ren)(ren)口僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)1.4名(ming)疾病預(yu)防(fang)控制人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，相(xiang)當于(yu)美國(guo)(guo)的1/5。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)領(ling)域人(ren)(ren)才(cai)數量配置不(bu)足、人(ren)(ren)才(cai)流(liu)失嚴重(zhong)(zhong)、人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)素質有(you)(you)(you)待提高(gao)、高(gao)層次人(ren)(ren)才(cai)匱乏，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)儲備不(bu)容樂觀。2019《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健康(kang)統計年(nian)鑒》顯示，2018年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)(ge)級疾病預(yu)防(fang)控制中(zhong)(zhong)心工作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)計約18.78萬人(ren)(ren)，其中(zhong)(zhong)約有(you)(you)(you)26%為非衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。各(ge)(ge)級政(zheng)府對公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)投入(ru)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)足，疾控體系(xi)在整個衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)被逐步(bu)弱化、邊(bian)緣化，人(ren)(ren)才(cai)流(liu)失嚴重(zhong)(zhong)。目前，我國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)93所(suo)高(gao)校設(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與預(yu)防(fang)醫學專業(ye)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)教育，全國(guo)(guo)每(mei)年(nian)培養(yang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)專業(ye)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)7000人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)右，這(zhe)一規模在“健康(kang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)”上升為國(guo)(guo)家戰略的新時代背景(jing)下(xia)，無(wu)法(fa)滿足我國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)體系(xi)建設(she)(she)需(xu)要。加之疾控體系(xi)待遇較(jiao)低(di)、地位不(bu)高(gao)，畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)真(zhen)正從事公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)工作的人(ren)(ren)并不(bu)多。

　　“目前(qian)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)體(ti)系(xi)只包括預防(fang)醫學(xue)專業(ye)本科教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)碩(shuo)士(shi)專業(ye)學(xue)位(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、碩(shuo)士(shi)和(he)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)科學(xue)學(xue)位(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)體(ti)系(xi)亟待(dai)完(wan)善，建議(yi)設(she)立公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)專業(ye)學(xue)位(wei)，以(yi)填補空(kong)白(bai)。”顏虹(hong)說，現在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)領域的(de)(de)(de)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)培(pei)養(yang)主要沿襲的(de)(de)(de)是研究(jiu)性博(bo)(bo)士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)方(fang)法，總體(ti)來看主要側重(zhong)于理論研究(jiu)性工作。隨著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)社會(hui)經濟轉型，現行(xing)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)與現實公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)服務需(xu)要脫節的(de)(de)(de)矛盾愈發凸顯。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)培(pei)養(yang)規模較小，很難滿足國(guo)(guo)家對公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)高(gao)級人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求，博(bo)(bo)士(shi)畢業(ye)主要集(ji)中在大城(cheng)市科研單位(wei)、國(guo)(guo)際組織(zhi)或(huo)出國(guo)(guo)深造就業(ye)，很少(shao)能在國(guo)(guo)家或(huo)地方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)病控制中心或(huo)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)部門從事管理實踐工作。

　　2011年，在(zai)美國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)華醫學基(ji)金會的(de)(de)資助下(xia)，西安(an)交(jiao)通(tong)大學等(deng)高校開(kai)始研究我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)博士(shi)培養(yang)方案，2015年試(shi)點(dian)培養(yang)，積累了寶(bao)貴經(jing)驗(yan)。顏(yan)虹(hong)認為，實(shi)(shi)施公共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)博士(shi)培養(yang)工作，培養(yang)具有(you)更為廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)視野、豐(feng)富的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識、實(shi)(shi)踐能力和(he)(he)領導能力的(de)(de)高素質復(fu)合(he)型公共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)人才，有(you)利(li)于彌(mi)補現在(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)人才培養(yang)體系的(de)(de)不足，將為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)應(ying)對公共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)問(wen)題、衛生(sheng)醫療事業(ye)發展和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)現“健康中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)2030” 培養(yang)理論與(yu)實(shi)(shi)踐密(mi)切結合(he)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用型人才。

　　“我國公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)領域‘防’‘治’分離現象比(bi)較突(tu)(tu)出(chu)，重治療輕預(yu)防，容(rong)(rong)易導致(zhi)‘小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)釀成大疫’。過度依賴醫(yi)療體系(xi)，將顯著(zhu)增加(jia)國家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)支出(chu)負(fu)擔。”顏(yan)虹說，尤其是隨(sui)著(zhu)我國人口老齡化加(jia)速，慢性病(bing)(bing)患病(bing)(bing)率與(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)率持續攀升(sheng)，新發(fa)傳染(ran)病(bing)(bing)和突(tu)(tu)發(fa)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事件日趨頻(pin)發(fa)。建(jian)議(yi)國家(jia)(jia)擴大公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)碩士(shi)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)模，特別是增加(jia)在職人員的(de)(de)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)模。廣(guang)泛開(kai)展突(tu)(tu)發(fa)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事件相關知識、技(ji)(ji)能培訓，推(tui)廣(guang)突(tu)(tu)發(fa)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事件應(ying)(ying)對處置最新知識和先(xian)進技(ji)(ji)術。同時(shi)，重視對公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)防醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)科投入(ru)，提升(sheng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)防醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)本科招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)模及(ji)培養質量(liang)。不斷完善公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)防醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業課(ke)程設置、課(ke)程內容(rong)(rong)、實踐教學(xue)(xue)，加(jia)大在疾控(kong)中心訓練實踐的(de)(de)時(shi)間與(yu)(yu)(yu)內容(rong)(rong)，培養既有(you)扎實的(de)(de)預(yu)防醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)理論知識，又有(you)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)急技(ji)(ji)能可對公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)健康問題有(you)較強應(ying)(ying)用能力的(de)(de)復合型專(zhuan)業人才。為緩解公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人才缺乏的(de)(de)現狀，可將流(liu)行(xing)病(bing)(bing)學(xue)(xue)等(deng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)核心課(ke)程納入(ru)大學(xue)(xue)通(tong)識教育，普及(ji)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理念(nian);加(jia)大臨床醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業、護理專(zhuan)業等(deng)專(zhuan)業疾病(bing)(bing)預(yu)防控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)課(ke)程與(yu)(yu)(yu)訓練，彌合預(yu)防與(yu)(yu)(yu)醫(yi)療的(de)(de)裂(lie)痕。