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　　2023年(nian)2月25日(ri)，由北(bei)航(hang)宇航(hang)學院“先進(jin)(jin)空(kong)間推(tui)進(jin)(jin)”研究團隊研制的(de)國際首個(ge)容性(xing)儲電(dian)離子(zi)液(ye)體電(dian)噴(pen)霧推(tui)進(jin)(jin)系統(tong)在(zai)軌(gui)成功(gong)應(ying)用500天(tian)。該推(tui)進(jin)(jin)系統(tong)（ILT-50）作為亞太(tai)空(kong)間合作組織(zhi)大學生小衛星(xing)-1（APSCO-SSS-1）的(de)離軌(gui)動力裝置，于(yu)2021年(nian)10月14日(ri)由“長征(zheng)四(si)號丁”運載火(huo)箭在(zai)太(tai)原衛星(xing)發射中心成功(gong)發射，隨衛星(xing)進(jin)(jin)入高(gao)度517km的(de)太(tai)陽同步軌(gui)道。

　　2022年(nian)5月17日(ri)，ILT-50離(li)子液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)噴霧推力器首次成功完成在軌點火試驗驗證，多組遙測數據(ju)有效驗證了離(li)子液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)噴霧推力器單噴口產生了32.8μN的連續微推力；為驗證衛星運行一年(nian)后的系(xi)(xi)統可靠(kao)性(xing)，在2022年(nian)10月18日(ri)和2023年(nian)2月25日(ri)，系(xi)(xi)統又分別兩次成功實現點火驗證，與之前試驗結果高度(du)一致。

衛星發射和ILT-50離子液(ye)體(ti)電噴霧推力器在衛星上的位置

ILT-50離子液體(ti)電噴霧推進(jin)系(xi)統實(shi)物(wu)、點(dian)火和(he)原理

離子液(ye)體電噴霧推進系(xi)統在軌遙測信號

　　自(zi)2022年5月17日(ri)首次(ci)點(dian)火(huo)以來，ILT-50離子液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)進(jin)系(xi)統進(jin)行了(le)多組持續的(de)(de)點(dian)火(huo)工作及推(tui)力(li)在(zai)軌(gui)功能試驗。遙(yao)測數據(ju)(ju)表明(ming)，衛星動(dong)量(liang)輪(lun)轉速發生(sheng)了(le)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)變化。通過對比點(dian)火(huo)前(qian)后衛星動(dong)量(liang)輪(lun)轉速變化數據(ju)(ju)，得到離子液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)力(li)器在(zai)-5至(zhi)-10℃條件下的(de)(de)推(tui)力(li)為32.8μN，這與2022年10月18日(ri)和2023年2月25日(ri)兩輪(lun)次(ci)點(dian)火(huo)的(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)和項目團隊前(qian)期在(zai)地面使用(yong)微推(tui)力(li)架測得的(de)(de)推(tui)力(li)數據(ju)(ju)一致。這也是離子液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)進(jin)系(xi)統首次(ci)公(gong)開報道(dao)的(de)(de)在(zai)軌(gui)推(tui)力(li)數據(ju)(ju)。

在軌推(tui)力測試動量輪轉速數(shu)據(ju)在軌推(tui)力獲得

　　離子(zi)液體電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)是一(yi)種(zhong)以(yi)液態推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)劑為(wei)工質(zhi)的(de)新型靜電(dian)(dian)式推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)裝置。離子(zi)液體工質(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)場的(de)作用下霧(wu)化(hua)形成(cheng)微(wei)(wei)小帶電(dian)(dian)液滴、并(bing)在電(dian)(dian)場力(li)作用下被(bei)加速噴(pen)出產生推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)，其(qi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)范圍在微(wei)(wei)牛至百微(wei)(wei)牛量(liang)級。離子(zi)液體電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)涉及滲流物理學、噴(pen)霧(wu)機理、電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學及場發射效應等(deng)多門學科領域(yu)的(de)研究，其(qi)具有(you)高荷質(zhi)比和(he)多樣可(ke)控(kong)的(de)離子(zi)種(zhong)類及狀態等(deng)特性，近年來在國際上引發廣泛關注，成(cheng)為(wei)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)空間推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)領域(yu)的(de)研究熱點和(he)前沿(yan)。離子(zi)液體電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)具有(you)功耗(hao)低、微(wei)(wei)牛推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)、結(jie)構緊(jin)湊、控(kong)制(zhi)靈(ling)活、可(ke)靠性高等(deng)特點，為(wei)微(wei)(wei)納衛(wei)星(xing)等(deng)航(hang)天器(qi)的(de)主動(dong)變軌、精準姿控(kong)等(deng)需(xu)求提(ti)供了完美(mei)的(de)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)，可(ke)廣泛應用于星(xing)群組網(wang)及編隊飛行、無拖曳控(kong)制(zhi)、精確定位(wei)和(he)對地/深空觀測等(deng)太空任務。

　　離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)制和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)時(shi)間在軌(gui)(gui)驗(yan)證(zheng)，是北航有組織科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)又一成功(gong)案例。多(duo)年來，由湯(tang)海(hai)濱、任軍學(xue)(xue)(xue)、王偉(wei)宗、富慶(qing)飛(fei)、楊立軍等(deng)師生組成的(de)(de)(de)聯合研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)團(tuan)隊，在流體(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)-滲流物(wu)理(li)等(deng)基(ji)礎方向(xiang)橫向(xiang)深(shen)度交(jiao)叉，在基(ji)礎研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)-關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)-系統(tong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)制-工(gong)程應用創新(xin)鏈條上實現(xian)縱向(xiang)連續突破(po)，最(zui)終完成離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)在軌(gui)(gui)應用驗(yan)證(zheng)。該研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)得到了(le)包括國(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)金(jin)和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)工(gong)局民用航天預研(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目在內的(de)(de)(de)十余項(xiang)相關(guan)項(xiang)目支持，建設完成了(le)國(guo)際先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)實驗(yan)設備。提出了(le)交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)Taylor錐射(she)流參數不(bu)穩定性(xing)理(li)論(lun)，明晰(xi)并解決了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力(li)(li)與表(biao)面張力(li)(li)主導的(de)(de)(de)Rayleigh不(bu)穩定機(ji)(ji)制、非定常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)下霧(wu)化場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態響應特性(xing)、交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作用下射(she)流的(de)(de)(de)線性(xing)失穩機(ji)(ji)制、導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)錐射(she)流發射(she)、束流形成演化與真空(kong)羽流自(zi)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)制等(deng)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)難題；所發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)機(ji)(ji)理(li)支撐突破(po)了(le)離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)容(rong)性(xing)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)、離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)/推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)器(qi)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)集成和(he)(he)(he)微牛級(ji)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)精準測量等(deng)多(duo)項(xiang)關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)；長(chang)時(shi)間在軌(gui)(gui)試驗(yan)驗(yan)證(zheng)也反(fan)映了(le)離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)在軌(gui)(gui)環境適應性(xing)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)劑太空(kong)長(chang)期(qi)儲存能力(li)(li)。這也是國(guo)際上首次通(tong)過(guo)容(rong)性(xing)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)實現(xian)了(le)單臺離子(zi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴霧(wu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作并長(chang)時(shi)間應用于衛星在軌(gui)(gui)任務。基(ji)礎研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成果發表(biao)在流體(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、傳(chuan)熱傳(chuan)質(zhi)等(deng)領域頂級(ji)期(qi)刊《Journal of Fluid Mechanics》、《Physics of Fluids》、《Journal of Aerosol Science》、《Journal of Colloid and Interface Science》、《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》。

DWB-2500超高真空(kong)度地(di)面測試艙和(he)配套(tao)綜合診斷(duan)系(xi)統

離子液(ye)體電噴霧推力(li)器射流時域變化圖和(he)泰勒錐流場圖

分子(zi)動(dong)力學(xue)模擬(ni)獲得的離子(zi)液體錐射(she)流粒子(zi)分布及演化(hua)

電流(liu)(liu)體力學(xue)模擬獲得(de)的離子液體錐射流(liu)(liu)形成、演化和流(liu)(liu)場分(fen)布

　　離(li)子液(ye)體電(dian)噴霧推進系(xi)統(tong)對于我國發展低(di)軌(gui)小衛(wei)星(xing)星(xing)座、深空(kong)探(tan)測(ce)等有著(zhu)重大(da)的(de)應用價值。ILT-50離(li)子液(ye)體電(dian)噴霧推進系(xi)統(tong)長時間在軌(gui)試驗驗證(zheng)的(de)成功，標志著(zhu)著(zhu)離(li)子液(ye)體電(dian)推進作為微推系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)一種(zhong)優質方案逐漸走向(xiang)成熟，這將對我國未來空(kong)間技術的(de)發展產生深遠影響。

亞太空(kong)間(jian)合作組織大學(xue)生小衛星(xing)星(xing)座和(he)搭載的離子(zi)液(ye)體電(dian)噴霧推進系統(tong)示意圖