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　　2023年(nian)10月16日(ri)，國務院總理李強簽署(shu)第766號國務院令，公(gong)布《未成年(nian)人網(wang)絡保護條例》(以下簡稱(cheng)《條例》)，自2024年(nian)1月1日(ri)起施行。日(ri)前，司法部、國家網(wang)信辦(ban)有關負(fu)責人就《條例》的有關問題回答了(le)記(ji)者提問。

　　問：請簡要介紹一下《條例》的出臺背景。

　　答：未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)保護關系(xi)國(guo)(guo)家未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)和(he)(he)民族希(xi)望，關系(xi)億(yi)萬家庭幸福(fu)安寧。黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)高度重(zhong)視(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)保護工作。習(xi)近平總書記指出(chu)，我們要本著(zhu)對(dui)社會負(fu)責、對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民負(fu)責的(de)(de)態度，依法(fa)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)治(zhi)理(li)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)內容建設(she)，為(wei)廣(guang)大網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民特別(bie)是(shi)青少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)營造一(yi)(yi)個風清氣正的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，隨(sui)著(zhu)互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)普及(ji)應用，特別(bie)是(shi)移動(dong)互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)迅速發展，越來(lai)越多(duo)的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)開始(shi)接(jie)觸和(he)(he)使(shi)用互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。據統計(ji)，截至2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月，我國(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民規(gui)模已(yi)達10.79億(yi)，未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民規(gui)模已(yi)突破1.91億(yi)。互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)拓展未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)學習(xi)、生活空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)同時，也帶來(lai)了一(yi)(yi)些(xie)問題，如未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)安全合理(li)使(shi)用網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)意識和(he)(he)能(neng)力不強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上違法(fa)和(he)(he)不良信息(xi)影響未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身心健(jian)康、未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)信息(xi)被(bei)濫采濫用、一(yi)(yi)些(xie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)沉迷網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)等(deng)，亟待(dai)通過立法(fa)加(jia)以制(zhi)(zhi)度性解決。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十八大以來(lai)，黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)有關文件多(duo)次提出(chu)要制(zhi)(zhi)定《條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)也多(duo)次將制(zhi)(zhi)定《條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》列入立法(fa)工作計(ji)劃(hua)。2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月20日，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)常務(wu)(wu)會議審議通過《條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》，將于2024年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月1日起實施。《條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)出(chu)臺的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)部專門性的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)保護綜合立法(fa)，體現了黨(dang)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家對(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)才的(de)(de)高度重(zhong)視(shi)和(he)(he)親切關懷，為(wei)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)健(jian)康成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)提供了堅實的(de)(de)法(fa)治(zhi)保障。

　　問：制定《條例》的總體思路是什么？

　　答：在總體思路上(shang)主要(yao)把(ba)握以(yi)下幾點：一是(shi)堅(jian)持黨(dang)的領(ling)導，貫徹(che)落實(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央、國務院關(guan)(guan)于未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡保護工(gong)作的決(jue)策(ce)部(bu)署，并將(jiang)其轉(zhuan)化為法(fa)(fa)規(gui)制度。二是(shi)堅(jian)持問(wen)題(ti)導向，聚焦未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡保護工(gong)作面臨的突出問(wen)題(ti)，增強制度針(zhen)對性。三(san)是(shi)堅(jian)持社會共治，明確有(you)關(guan)(guan)政府部(bu)門和企業、學校、家(jia)庭、行業組織、新(xin)聞媒體等在未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡保護工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)的職責。四是(shi)堅(jian)持立法(fa)(fa)協(xie)同(tong)，處理好(hao)條例與相關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)的關(guan)(guan)系，并將(jiang)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡保護實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)熟有(you)效的做法(fa)(fa)上(shang)升為制度規(gui)定。

　　問：關于各部門和地方未成年人網絡保護職責，《條例》是如何規定的？

　　答(da)：《條例》明確，一是國家網(wang)信(xin)部(bu)門(men)負責統籌協(xie)調未成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)網(wang)絡保護工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，并依據(ju)職責做好(hao)未成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)網(wang)絡保護工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。二是國家新聞出(chu)版、電(dian)影(ying)部(bu)門(men)和國務院教育、電(dian)信(xin)、公安、民政(zheng)、文化和旅游(you)、衛生健康、市場(chang)監督管(guan)理、廣播(bo)電(dian)視等有(you)關部(bu)門(men)依據(ju)各自職責做好(hao)未成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)網(wang)絡保護工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。三是縣級(ji)以上地方人(ren)民政(zheng)府及(ji)其(qi)有(you)關部(bu)門(men)依據(ju)各自職責做好(hao)未成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)網(wang)絡保護工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

　　問：在未成年人網絡素養促進方面，《條例》主要作了哪些制度規定？

　　答(da)：隨(sui)著網絡(luo)(luo)日益成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獲(huo)取知識的(de)重(zhong)要渠道，網絡(luo)(luo)素(su)養促進也已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)網絡(luo)(luo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)重(zhong)要課題。《條例》在《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)法》規定(ding)的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，一是明(ming)確國(guo)務院(yuan)教育部(bu)(bu)門會同國(guo)家(jia)(jia)網信部(bu)(bu)門制(zhi)定(ding)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)網絡(luo)(luo)素(su)養測評指(zhi)標，縣級以上(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政府加強提(ti)供公益性上(shang)(shang)網服(fu)務的(de)公共文化設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)，改(gai)善未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)(shang)網條件。二是明(ming)確未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當(dang)加強家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)家(jia)(jia)教家(jia)(jia)風(feng)建設(she)(she)，加強對(dui)(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)使用(yong)網絡(luo)(luo)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)教育、示范、引導(dao)和監(jian)督。三是規定(ding)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)網絡(luo)(luo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)軟(ruan)件以及專(zhuan)(zhuan)門供未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)使用(yong)的(de)智能(neng)終端產品(pin)應(ying)當(dang)具(ju)有保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)信息權益、預防未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)沉迷網絡(luo)(luo)等(deng)(deng)功能(neng)。四是針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)用(yong)戶數量巨大或者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群體具(ju)有顯著影(ying)響的(de)網絡(luo)(luo)平臺服(fu)務提(ti)供者(zhe)，提(ti)出了定(ding)期(qi)開(kai)展未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)網絡(luo)(luo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)影(ying)響評估、提(ti)供未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)模式或者(zhe)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)專(zhuan)(zhuan)區、制(zhi)定(ding)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門的(de)平臺規則等(deng)(deng)要求。

　　問：在網絡信息內容規范方面，《條例》主要提出了哪些要求？

　　答：網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)空間是(shi)(shi)億(yi)萬民(min)眾的(de)精神家園。為加強網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)內容(rong)規(gui)范(fan)，《條例》規(gui)定，一是(shi)(shi)明確有(you)利于未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)健(jian)康(kang)成(cheng)長的(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)包括(kuo)弘揚社會主(zhu)義核(he)心價值(zhi)觀和(he)社會主(zhu)義先進文(wen)化、革(ge)命文(wen)化、中華優秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化，鑄牢(lao)中華民(min)族(zu)共同(tong)體(ti)意識(shi)等信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。二是(shi)(shi)明確危(wei)害和(he)可能影(ying)響未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心健(jian)康(kang)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)范(fan)圍，規(gui)定任何組織和(he)個人(ren)(ren)不得制作、復(fu)制、發(fa)布、傳(chuan)播危(wei)害未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心健(jian)康(kang)內容(rong)的(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，要(yao)求網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)產(chan)品和(he)服(fu)務提供者不得在首頁首屏、彈(dan)窗、熱搜等重點環節呈(cheng)現可能影(ying)響未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心健(jian)康(kang)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)求以未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)為服(fu)務對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)在線教育網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)產(chan)品和(he)服(fu)務提供者應(ying)當根據(ju)不同(tong)年齡階段未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心發(fa)展特點和(he)認知能力提供相應(ying)的(de)產(chan)品和(he)服(fu)務。

　　問：《條例》關于防治未成年人網絡欺凌制度是如何規定的？

　　答：網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)行(xing)為嚴重(zhong)侵(qin)害(hai)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)名譽權(quan)(quan)、榮譽權(quan)(quan)、隱私(si)權(quan)(quan)等，甚(shen)至危害(hai)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生命安全，引發社會廣泛關注。《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)(gong)和國未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)》禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)任何組織(zhi)或者(zhe)(zhe)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)實(shi)施(shi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)，未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及其監(jian)護(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有權(quan)(quan)通知網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)服務提供者(zhe)(zhe)采取刪除、屏(ping)蔽、斷開鏈接(jie)等措施(shi)。《條例》在《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)(gong)和國未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，將網(wang)(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)等有關部門管網(wang)(wang)(wang)治網(wang)(wang)(wang)實(shi)踐(jian)中的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟做法(fa)(fa)上(shang)升(sheng)為法(fa)(fa)規制(zhi)度，規定網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)產品和服務提供者(zhe)(zhe)應當(dang)建(jian)立(li)健全網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)行(xing)為的(de)(de)預警預防、識別監(jian)測和處置(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，設置(zhi)便(bian)利未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及其監(jian)護(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)存遭(zao)受網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)記錄、行(xing)使通知權(quan)(quan)利的(de)(de)功能、渠道，提供便(bian)利未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設置(zhi)屏(ping)蔽陌生用戶、本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發布信(xin)(xin)息可見范(fan)圍(wei)、禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)轉載或者(zhe)(zhe)評論本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發布信(xin)(xin)息、禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)向本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發送信(xin)(xin)息等網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)信(xin)(xin)息防護(hu)(hu)選項等，健全完善網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)防治機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，進一步強化對遭(zao)受網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)(qi)(qi)凌(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

　　問：在未成年人個人信息網絡保護方面，《條例》主要作了哪些制度規定？

　　答(da)：《條(tiao)例》在《中華人(ren)(ren)民共和國個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)保護(hu)法》等的基礎上，進一步健全了(le)未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)保護(hu)規則：一是(shi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)直(zhi)播(bo)服務提(ti)供者(zhe)應(ying)當建立網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)直(zhi)播(bo)發布者(zhe)真實(shi)身(shen)份信(xin)(xin)息(xi)動態核驗(yan)機(ji)制。二(er)是(shi)明確(que)規定未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)的監護(hu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)可以請(qing)求(qiu)行使查閱(yue)、復制、更正、補充(chong)、刪除未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的權利，拒絕(jue)請(qing)求(qiu)的應(ying)當書面告知申請(qing)人(ren)(ren)并(bing)說明理由。三是(shi)規定網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)服務提(ti)供者(zhe)發現未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)私(si)密(mi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)或者(zhe)未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)通過(guo)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)發布的個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)中涉(she)及私(si)密(mi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的，應(ying)當及時提(ti)示(shi)并(bing)采(cai)取必要保護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)。四是(shi)規定個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)處理者(zhe)的工作人(ren)(ren)員訪問未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的，應(ying)當經過(guo)相關負責人(ren)(ren)或者(zhe)其(qi)授權的管理人(ren)(ren)員審批(pi)，記錄訪問情況，并(bing)采(cai)取技術措(cuo)施(shi)，避免違法處理未成(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。

　　問：在加強未成年人網絡沉迷防治方面，《條例》主要作了哪些制度規定？

　　答：未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)處在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)才的(de)關(guan)鍵時期，沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡給未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心(xin)健(jian)康和正(zheng)常的(de)學習生活造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重影響，為(wei)此，《條例(li)》規定，一是(shi)(shi)(shi)加強學校、監護人(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡的(de)預防(fang)和干(gan)預，提(ti)高教師對(dui)(dui)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)學生沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡的(de)早(zao)期識別和干(gan)預能力(li)，加強監護人(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)安全合理使用網(wang)絡的(de)指(zhi)導。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)要求網(wang)絡產品(pin)和服務提(ti)供者(zhe)建立健(jian)全防(fang)沉(chen)迷制(zhi)(zhi)度，合理限制(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)網(wang)絡消費行(xing)為(wei)，防(fang)范(fan)和抵制(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)量至上(shang)等(deng)不(bu)良價值傾向(xiang)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)細化網(wang)絡游(you)戲實名(ming)制(zhi)(zhi)規定，要求網(wang)絡游(you)戲服務提(ti)供者(zhe)建立完善(shan)預防(fang)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡的(de)游(you)戲規則(ze)，對(dui)(dui)游(you)戲產品(pin)進行(xing)分類(lei)并予以適齡提(ti)示(shi)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)明確有關(guan)部門在(zai)(zai)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡防(fang)治工(gong)作方面的(de)職(zhi)責。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)禁以侵害(hai)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)心(xin)健(jian)康的(de)方式干(gan)預未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)沉(chen)迷網(wang)絡。

　　問：對于未成年人在網絡上非理性消費的問題，《條例》如何予以制度應對？

　　答：《條(tiao)例》立足維護未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)(quan)益，支持未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)科學、文明、安全、合(he)理使用(yong)(yong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)。一是規定(ding)(ding)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)游戲、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)直播、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)音視頻、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)社(she)交等網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)服務(wu)提供者應當(dang)針對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)年(nian)(nian)齡階段(duan)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)使用(yong)(yong)其服務(wu)的(de)(de)特點，堅(jian)持融合(he)、友好、實(shi)用(yong)(yong)、有效的(de)(de)原則，設(she)置未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)模式，以醒目便(bian)捷(jie)的(de)(de)方式為監護人(ren)(ren)履行(xing)監護職責提供權(quan)(quan)限管(guan)理、消(xiao)費管(guan)理等功能(neng)。二是規定(ding)(ding)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)游戲、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)直播、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)音視頻、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)社(she)交等網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)服務(wu)提供者應當(dang)采取(qu)措施，合(he)理限制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)年(nian)(nian)齡階段(duan)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)在使用(yong)(yong)其服務(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)單次(ci)消(xiao)費數(shu)額和(he)單日累計(ji)消(xiao)費數(shu)額，不(bu)(bu)得向未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)提供與(yu)其民(min)事(shi)行(xing)為能(neng)力不(bu)(bu)符的(de)(de)付費服務(wu)。三是規定(ding)(ding)國家新(xin)聞出版部門會同(tong)有關部門制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)關于向未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)提供網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)游戲服務(wu)的(de)(de)消(xiao)費上(shang)限等管(guan)理規定(ding)(ding)。