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教育部簡報〔2021〕第42期

　　海(hai)南(nan)省認真學(xue)習貫徹習近平總書記關于教育的重(zhong)要論述和(he)全(quan)國(guo)教育大會精神，深(shen)入落實(shi)黨中央、國(guo)務院關于全(quan)面(mian)加強新時代(dai)大中小(xiao)學(xue)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教育的決(jue)策部署，結合(he)海(hai)南(nan)歷史文(wen)化(hua)、生態環境(jing)、自然資源和(he)區(qu)位(wei)優勢(shi)，探索打(da)造以(yi)田(tian)園耕作勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、家務生活勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、文(wen)化(hua)傳(chuan)承勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、科學(xue)探究勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等為主要內容的中小(xiao)學(xue)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教育新模式，著力培養學(xue)生正確勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)價(jia)值(zhi)觀(guan)和(he)良(liang)好勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)品質，促(cu)進學(xue)生全(quan)面(mian)發展、健康成長。

　　系統謀劃繪藍(lan)圖(tu)。省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府高(gao)度(du)(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視，省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)書記、省(sheng)(sheng)長多(duo)次就勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育工(gong)作進行(xing)專題研究，以省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府名義印發(fa)《關(guan)于全面加(jia)強新(xin)(xin)時代大中(zhong)小(xiao)學勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)意見》，對全省(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)強新(xin)(xin)時代勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)要(yao)(yao)求、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)任務(wu)、條(tiao)件保(bao)障和(he)(he)(he)組織實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)等作出系統設計和(he)(he)(he)全面部署，并(bing)明確時間表、細化(hua)路(lu)線圖(tu)。省(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育廳將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育擺在(zai)突出位置，作為(wei)打造(zao)“健康陽光、好學上進、勤勞(lao)(lao)(lao)誠信、文(wen)明樸實(shi)(shi)(shi)”海南中(zhong)小(xiao)學生“特(te)色印記”的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內涵，嚴抓各(ge)(ge)項工(gong)作任務(wu)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)。各(ge)(ge)地(di)各(ge)(ge)校將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育納(na)入重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)議事(shi)日(ri)程和(he)(he)(he)年(nian)度(du)(du)工(gong)作要(yao)(yao)點(dian)，積極構建(jian)“黨委(wei)統一領導、黨政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齊抓共管(guan)、部門協(xie)同配合(he)”的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作格局，努(nu)力(li)(li)(li)確保(bao)人力(li)(li)(li)、財力(li)(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)(li)、精(jing)力(li)(li)(li)“四到位”，為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育提供(gong)堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)障。建(jian)立健全“政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府負責(ze)(ze)、社會(hui)協(xie)同、部門參與”的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調聯動(dong)機制，把中(zhong)小(xiao)學勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育情況納(na)入市(shi)縣人民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府履(lv)行(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)育職責(ze)(ze)評價(jia)，作為(wei)衡(heng)量地(di)區(qu)教(jiao)(jiao)育質量的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)標(biao)，加(jia)強對各(ge)(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府和(he)(he)(he)有(you)關(guan)部門保(bao)障勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育工(gong)作情況的(de)(de)(de)督導檢查，并(bing)將(jiang)結果(guo)及時向(xiang)社會(hui)公開，進一步(bu)為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)育高(gao)質量開展“保(bao)駕護航”。

　　聚焦重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)抓落實(shi)(shi)(shi)。著(zhu)力(li)加強師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)隊(dui)伍建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)課(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)特(te)聘制度(du)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)與(yu)(yu)職業(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)共享機制和(he)“一(yi)(yi)對一(yi)(yi)”橫向(xiang)交流機制，由(you)職業(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)定期安排教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)開設(she)職業(ye)技(ji)能課(ke)(ke)，鼓勵(li)職業(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)開放技(ji)術(shu)(shu)技(ji)能實(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)地(di)。把(ba)(ba)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育納入教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，通(tong)過(guo)“國(guo)培(pei)計(ji)劃”“省(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)計(ji)劃”項目(mu)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步加強勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)培(pei)訓(xun)。近年來，全省(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)過(guo)線(xian)上(shang)和(he)線(xian)下培(pei)訓(xun)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近千(qian)人次，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)室70余個。著(zhu)力(li)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)色勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育課(ke)(ke)程體系，將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)納入綜(zong)(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)課(ke)(ke)程，針對不同學(xue)段學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)特(te)點(dian)和(he)需求，開展(zhan)(zhan)豐富多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。小(xiao)學(xue)以(yi)校(xiao)(xiao)園勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)家務勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)主要內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，初(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼顧(gu)家政學(xue)習、校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)(nei)外生(sheng)(sheng)產勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、服務性勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富職業(ye)體驗，開展(zhan)(zhan)服務性勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。修(xiu)訂《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)》教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)，突出“手腦(nao)結合(he)、強化實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)性”“以(yi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)載體”“貼近中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)，體現(xian)海南特(te)色”，在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)學(xue)3年級(ji)至初(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3年級(ji)階(jie)段使(shi)用(yong)，由(you)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)財政予以(yi)支持(chi)保障。把(ba)(ba)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育列為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)程，設(she)置6個學(xue)分(fen)。將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育理念融入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)人才培(pei)養方案(an)(an)、寫進(jin)專(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)計(ji)劃，以(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習實(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)課(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)主要載體開展(zhan)(zhan)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育，推進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)編寫工作(zuo)。整合(he)利(li)用(yong)各方資(zi)源，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)(nei)和(he)周邊新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育基(ji)地(di)，充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)地(di)、青(qing)少(shao)年校(xiao)(xiao)外活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)場(chang)所、研學(xue)基(ji)地(di)和(he)各類工廠(chang)、農場(chang)等社會(hui)(hui)資(zi)源，創(chuang)新開展(zhan)(zhan)形式多(duo)樣(yang)、內(nei)(nei)容(rong)豐富的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育。如，依托國(guo)家南繁(fan)科研育種(zhong)基(ji)地(di)，開發熱帶(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)態農業(ye)示(shi)范教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育課(ke)(ke)程等。將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)素(su)養評(ping)價納入綜(zong)(zong)合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價體系，初(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)階(jie)段將(jiang)“勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)”內(nei)(nei)容(rong)列入綜(zong)(zong)合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價“社會(hui)(hui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)”模塊(kuai)，每學(xue)期如實(shi)(shi)(shi)記錄(lu)(lu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)參(can)加勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育情況，注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引導(dao)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)記錄(lu)(lu)參(can)與(yu)(yu)的(de)典型(xing)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)事例和(he)感受體會(hui)(hui)等；高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)階(jie)段將(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育列入綜(zong)(zong)合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價“研究(jiu)性學(xue)習與(yu)(yu)社會(hui)(hui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)”模塊(kuai)，并記入學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價檔案(an)(an)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)畢業(ye)依據和(he)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)錄(lu)(lu)取的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)考。

　　多(duo)維發(fa)力(li)塑特色。以田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)耕作培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)良(liang)好的勞動(dong)習(xi)(xi)慣，利用生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態資源(yuan)優(you)勢，在全(quan)省鄉(xiang)村學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)探索(suo)(suo)開(kai)展田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)實驗，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)75個(ge)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)推廣實踐省級基(ji)地(di)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)。目前共有230余(yu)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)開(kai)設(she)(she)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，覆蓋(gai)全(quan)省所(suo)有市(shi)縣。以家(jia)務生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)塑造學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自立意識和能力(li)，鼓勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)開(kai)設(she)(she)家(jia)務勞動(dong)課(ke)(ke)(ke)，引(yin)導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)養成(cheng)“自己事情自己做，家(jia)里(li)事情幫著做”的良(liang)好習(xi)(xi)慣。全(quan)省共有50余(yu)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)通(tong)過建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)專(zhuan)業化教(jiao)室、聘(pin)請專(zhuan)業教(jiao)師(shi)，開(kai)設(she)(she)烹飪課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，培養孩(hai)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)技能，使每位學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會做1—3道特色菜肴，90%學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)過該類課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會了(le)做飯等(deng)日(ri)常家(jia)務勞動(dong)。以優(you)秀傳統(tong)文化涵(han)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)國情懷，支持學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)探索(suo)(suo)開(kai)設(she)(she)黎錦、苗繡、制陶、民族樂器制作等(deng)特色校(xiao)本課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，讓孩(hai)子(zi)通(tong)過學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)民族工藝制作技術，加強文化浸(jin)潤，增強文化自信(xin)。以科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)探究勞動(dong)提升(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)造性勞動(dong)能力(li)，借助海南自貿港建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)科技創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)資源(yuan)，深化產教(jiao)融合，改進勞動(dong)教(jiao)育方式。如，依托文昌航(hang)天發(fa)射場，創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)勞動(dong)教(jiao)育綜合實踐基(ji)地(di)，開(kai)發(fa)航(hang)天科技科普和體驗課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在探索(suo)(suo)實踐中進一步提升(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)意識、創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)。