打造中國特色、世界一流的博士研究生教育體系
張 煒
黨的(de)二十(shi)屆三中全會(hui)再次強(qiang)調,“高(gao)質量發(fa)展是(shi)(shi)全面(mian)建(jian)設(she)社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義現代(dai)化國(guo)(guo)家的(de)首要任務(wu)”。博士(shi)研究生(sheng)教育作為培(pei)養(yang)拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)陣地,是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)建(jian)設(she)高(gao)質量教育體(ti)系的(de)重要構成部(bu)分(fen),承載著高(gao)深知識生(sheng)產(chan)應用和(he)造就拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)等重大(da)(da)使命,是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)應對國(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭與挑戰的(de)重要戰略資源。博士(shi)研究生(sheng)教育的(de)高(gao)質量發(fa)展,既是(shi)(shi)新(xin)時代(dai)加強(qiang)拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)自主(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)養(yang)的(de)內(nei)在(zai)要求,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)加快建(jian)設(she)教育強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)、科技強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)、人(ren)才(cai)(cai)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)的(de)關鍵(jian)支撐。新(xin)的(de)歷史(shi)時期,面(mian)對中華民族偉大(da)(da)復興戰略全局和(he)世界百年未有之大(da)(da)變局,我國(guo)(guo)博士(shi)研究生(sheng)教育必須主(zhu)(zhu)動服務(wu)國(guo)(guo)家重大(da)(da)戰略需求,深刻把握拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)發(fa)力(li)點(dian),持續完善(shan)博士(shi)研究生(sheng)教育質量治理體(ti)系,全面(mian)提高(gao)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)自主(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)養(yang)質量,著力(li)造就更多拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。
把握國之大者,主動服務國家重大戰略需求
習近平(ping)總(zong)書記(ji)強(qiang)調(diao),“我國(guo)(guo)高(gao)等教育(yu)要(yao)立(li)(li)足中華民族(zu)偉大(da)(da)復(fu)興戰略全局和世界百年未有(you)之大(da)(da)變局,心懷(huai)‘國(guo)(guo)之大(da)(da)者’”。研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)尤其是(shi)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)如(ru)何聚焦國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)戰略適度(du)(du)超前布局,精(jing)準選拔(ba)具有(you)創新潛(qian)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)層次人才是(shi)迫切需要(yao)解決的(de)(de)(de)問題。一方面(mian),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)層面(mian)要(yao)堅持以服務需求為(wei)主線(xian),精(jing)準識別不(bu)同(tong)時期國(guo)(guo)家(jia)全局發展(zhan)戰略、區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會長遠(yuan)發展(zhan)需求,通(tong)過學科(ke)評(ping)估、學科(ke)目(mu)錄調(diao)整(zheng)等方式,提高(gao)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)結(jie)(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)產業需求之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)匹配度(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)(yu)融(rong)合度(du)(du),促進規模、結(jie)(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)持續優化(hua)。另一方面(mian),高(gao)校層面(mian)要(yao)直面(mian)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)科(ke)學前沿、基(ji)礎理論、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)等問題,把服務國(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略需求作為(wei)高(gao)校博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)不(bu)斷創新的(de)(de)(de)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)力,通(tong)過承接國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、關鍵領域(yu)(yu)(yu)技術(shu)研(yan)發等倒逼(bi)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)學科(ke)結(jie)(jie)構調(diao)整(zheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)研(yan)成果轉化(hua),提升博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)服務國(guo)(guo)家(jia)與(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)貢獻(xian)度(du)(du)和影響力,建(jian)立(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)戰略和重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相銜接的(de)(de)(de)招生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計(ji)劃管(guan)理機制(zhi),聚焦新領域(yu)(yu)(yu)、新方向開設“工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)專項(xiang)班”。通(tong)過增強(qiang)招生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計(ji)劃調(diao)控的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)準度(du)(du),將(jiang)資(zi)源(yuan)優先向重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)科(ke)研(yan)平(ping)臺(tai)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)科(ke)技任務取得突破性進展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)培養單位傾斜。
遵循培養規律,深刻把握拔尖創新人才培養發力點
進(jin)入新發(fa)展階段(duan),貫徹新發(fa)展理念,構建新發(fa)展格局(ju),必須(xu)把發(fa)展質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題擺在更(geng)加突出的(de)(de)位置(zhi),著力(li)提升(sheng)發(fa)展質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和效益。我(wo)們落實(shi)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展意(yi)見精神的(de)(de)核心就在切實(shi)提高(gao)(gao)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)教育質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。我(wo)國博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)教育自1981年啟動實(shi)施以(yi)來(lai)(lai)已經歷40余年,取(qu)得令(ling)人矚目的(de)(de)成(cheng)就,特別是黨(dang)的(de)(de)十八大以(yi)來(lai)(lai),我(wo)國博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)教育取(qu)得了高(gao)(gao)速(su)發(fa)展,在學博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)生(sheng)人數由2012年的(de)(de)28.4萬人增(zeng)加到2023年的(de)(de)61.3萬人。如(ru)何在新階段(duan)、新理念、新格局(ju)下(xia),進(jin)一步提高(gao)(gao)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)的(de)(de)培養質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),是構建高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)教育體系的(de)(de)關鍵。
一是加強高(gao)(gao)(gao)水平(ping)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設。導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是博(bo)士培養(yang)質量的(de)(de)第一責(ze)任人(ren),導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)術視(shi)野、學(xue)(xue)術能力、指導(dao)(dao)(dao)模式、學(xue)(xue)術人(ren)格都(dou)是直接影響博(bo)士研(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量發展的(de)(de)關鍵性(xing)因(yin)素,要把導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設作(zuo)(zuo)為博(bo)士研(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)教育(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量發展的(de)(de)基礎性(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)來抓。一方面,持續完(wan)善研(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)評聘、考核、激勵機(ji)制(zhi),優化導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu)結構,深挖“總師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”水平(ping)的(de)(de)校內導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),強化其在人(ren)才培養(yang)中的(de)(de)投入;內培“總師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”雛形青年(nian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),拓展其校外(wai)掛職鍛煉途徑(jing);外(wai)引(yin)(yin)“總師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”級別的(de)(de)行業總師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),健(jian)全(quan)校內外(wai)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)協同培養(yang)機(ji)制(zhi)。另(ling)一方面,創新導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu)培育(yu)、使用(yong)(yong)與考評機(ji)制(zhi),用(yong)(yong)好用(yong)(yong)活各類人(ren)才,提升(sheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)與指導(dao)(dao)(dao)能力,充(chong)分發揮導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)尚的(de)(de)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)對博(bo)士生(sheng)(sheng)思(si)想品德(de)、學(xue)(xue)術精神與科學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)究起到(dao)的(de)(de)浸潤(run)與引(yin)(yin)領作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
二是(shi)打造高質(zhi)量課程(cheng)支撐體系。課程(cheng)在博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)成長中具有全面(mian)、綜(zong)合和(he)基(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)(xing)作用,其寬(kuan)(kuan)度、深(shen)度、前(qian)沿度關(guan)系到(dao)博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、能力(li)與(yu)素養的(de)建構,是(shi)陶冶(ye)博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)人格,夯實博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)基(ji)礎(chu)理(li)(li)論(lun)和(he)專門知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi),訓練(lian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)學(xue)術思維的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要載體。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian),要適(shi)應新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)以及知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)交(jiao)叉協同的(de)新(xin)趨勢,建設一批基(ji)礎(chu)前(qian)沿交(jiao)叉課程(cheng),增強核心課程(cheng)前(qian)沿性(xing)(xing)、挑戰性(xing)(xing)與(yu)交(jiao)叉性(xing)(xing),拓寬(kuan)(kuan)學(xue)術視野(ye)與(yu)理(li)(li)論(lun)深(shen)度,實現課程(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)中的(de)工程(cheng)問題(ti)(ti)和(he)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)機理(li)(li)有機結合,培養博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)開展(zhan)“從(cong)0到(dao)1”“從(cong)1到(dao)0”“從(cong)1到(dao)n”等重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)理(li)(li)論(lun)與(yu)實踐(jian)問題(ti)(ti)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)能力(li)。另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)面(mian),深(shen)化(hua)科(ke)(ke)教(jiao)融(rong)(rong)匯(hui),要充(chong)分發揮企業和(he)院(yuan)所(suo)對(dui)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)培養的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要支撐作用,建設一批專業學(xue)位專屬課程(cheng),使行業導師(shi)和(he)企業專家深(shen)度參(can)與(yu)教(jiao)學(xue)內(nei)容、教(jiao)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)法、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)能力(li)培養,將大(da)項目、大(da)型號科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)成果融(rong)(rong)入(ru)課堂、教(jiao)材、案例,最終實現科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)反(fan)哺教(jiao)學(xue)。
三(san)是(shi)升級(ji)高標準(zhun)(zhun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)平臺(tai)。深(shen)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he),是(shi)推動教(jiao)育優先發(fa)(fa)展、人(ren)(ren)才引(yin)領發(fa)(fa)展、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)創新發(fa)(fa)展、經濟高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)展相(xiang)互貫通、相(xiang)互協同(tong)、相(xiang)互促進的(de)戰略(lve)性舉措。博(bo)士(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)位研究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)育具有相(xiang)對獨立(li)的(de)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)模式,不能以(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)學(xue)(xue)位博(bo)士(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)的(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)來要求(qiu)和(he)衡量(liang)(liang)專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)位博(bo)士(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)。應(ying)進一(yi)步通過深(shen)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)促進技(ji)術(shu)創新、提高培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)質量(liang)(liang),意(yi)義重大。一(yi)方面,加強(qiang)(qiang)與行(xing)業(ye)(ye)優勢單位的(de)交(jiao)流合(he)(he)(he)作。在與校(xiao)(xiao)外聯合(he)(he)(he)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)單位深(shen)度融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)基礎上,鼓勵(li)高校(xiao)(xiao)與行(xing)業(ye)(ye)優勢單位聯合(he)(he)(he)招(zhao)收培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)一(yi)線優秀人(ren)(ren)員,健全(quan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)導師(shi)選(xuan)聘制度,以(yi)(yi)企業(ye)(ye)需求(qiu)為導向,以(yi)(yi)企業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)立(li)項為支撐,制定“導師(shi)組”制度,致(zhi)力于培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)能夠(gou)解(jie)決實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)問題和(he)具備較強(qiang)(qiang)創新能力的(de)未(wei)來產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)領軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)才。另(ling)一(yi)方面,拓寬高校(xiao)(xiao)與企業(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作的(de)平臺(tai)建設(she)。大力建設(she)博(bo)士(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)聯合(he)(he)(he)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)基地(di),積極引(yin)入(ru)國家實(shi)(shi)驗室、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中心等創新平臺(tai),打造一(yi)批校(xiao)(xiao)外工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)線實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)基地(di),充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)基地(di)、實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)及案例(li)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)等基礎作用,推動行(xing)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)深(shen)度參與博(bo)士(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang);建設(she)一(yi)批校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)技(ji)術(shu)中心、卓越工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)基地(di),聯合(he)(he)(he)健全(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)外科研實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)體(ti)系,強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)系統(tong)性、真實(shi)(shi)場景(jing)的(de)科研訓練(lian),依托平臺(tai)拓展聯合(he)(he)(he)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)的(de)深(shen)度和(he)廣度,做實(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)博(bo)士(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)共同(tong)體(ti)。
深化體制機制,完善博士研究生教育質量治理體系
習近平總書記強調,“加(jia)快建設(she)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)系,統籌(chou)推進(jin)(jin)育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)方式(shi)、辦學模式(shi)、管理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制、保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)機制改(gai)革(ge)。”推進(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)現代化,是(shi)現代博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)運(yun)行的(de)根(gen)本保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。為此,要(yao)(yao)構(gou)(gou)建共商(shang)共建共享(xiang)的(de)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)格局,通(tong)過多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)“共治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)“高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”發(fa)(fa)展。一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)牢固樹立(li)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian),構(gou)(gou)建質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)共治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文化,增強各(ge)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為本,追求卓越”的(de)文化自(zi)覺。高(gao)校、學院及導(dao)師作(zuo)為博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)內部(bu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),要(yao)(yao)以培養具有國際競爭力(li)的(de)拔(ba)尖創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)才為己任,增強內部(bu)各(ge)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)培養卓越型人(ren)才的(de)文化自(zi)覺,筑牢導(dao)師評聘、生(sheng)(sheng)源選拔(ba)、課(ke)程教(jiao)(jiao)學、科研(yan)訓練(lian)等環節協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)培養博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)意識(shi)與(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)責任,夯實博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)底線。二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)健(jian)全多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)參與(yu)(yu)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系,提升協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能力(li),構(gou)(gou)建共商(shang)共建共享(xiang)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)格局。在博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)步(bu)入(ru)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)展新(xin)(xin)(xin)階段,傳統質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)模式(shi)弊(bi)端日益凸(tu)顯,迫切需要(yao)(yao)構(gou)(gou)建跨(kua)界多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)參與(yu)(yu)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)利益共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti),“由多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)制定研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準,共同(tong)(tong)參與(yu)(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)管理(li)(li)、監控與(yu)(yu)評價(jia)”。
總的來說,培養(yang)造(zao)就(jiu)拔(ba)尖(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)是推(tui)進博士研(yan)究生教育(yu)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的核心要(yao)義,而(er)拔(ba)尖(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)的培養(yang)需要(yao)從(cong)服務國(guo)家(jia)重大戰略需求(qiu)、把握拔(ba)尖(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)發(fa)力(li)點(dian)、完(wan)善博士研(yan)究生教育(yu)質(zhi)量治(zhi)理體系入手,全方位夯實博士研(yan)究生教育(yu)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的目標理念、發(fa)展模式(shi)、培養(yang)體系和(he)質(zhi)量治(zhi)理機制,全面提升拔(ba)尖(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)和(he)卓越工程(cheng)師培養(yang)質(zhi)量,為全面建設社會主義現代化(hua)國(guo)家(jia)提供(gong)強(qiang)有力(li)的人(ren)才(cai)支撐和(he)智力(li)支持。
【作者:張 煒(wei),西北工業大學原(yuan)黨委書記(ji)】
(原載2024年第21期《中國高等教育》雜(za)志)
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中國教育在線
